Post Retirement Issues Experienced By Athletes Essay

The previous sections highlighted post-retirement issues experienced by athletes, (i.e., hardships, future concerns, identity issues, career planning decisions, etc.). To summarize, the literature has consistently supported that most athletes struggle with retirement (Warriner Lavallee, 2008; McGannon Mauws, 2000; Reifsteck, 2011), and that athletes who are forced to retire may experience more transition-related difficulties than those who are not (Lavallee, Gordon, Grove, 1997; Heird Stienfeldt, 2013). Since the average age of athletic retirement is 33 years old (Hadavi, 2011), most retired athletes are required to obtain a new occupation; however, most athletes have difficulty obtaining a job or feeling competent once they find a job (Stephan, Bilard, Ninot, Deligniers, 2003). Furthermore, Stephan, Bilard, Ninot and Delignieres (2003) found that athletes revealed feelings of incompetence towards their new occupation that lasted as long as 8 months. Therefore, a review ev aluating successful career planning models in general is necessary, as there are few post-retirement career-planning models for athletes in existence (Lavallee, 2005; Morris Cherry, 2007; Stambulova, 2010). Prominent career planning models that will be discussed include Holland’s theory of vocational personalities, organizational investment, narrative career counseling, and social cognitive career theory. Holland’s theory of vocational choice has become highly successful, since itsShow MoreRelatedAthletes With The Retirement Process Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pageshas identified multiple accounts of athletes struggling with the retirement process (Harrison Lawrence, 2004; Hatamleh, 2013; Hubbard, 2014; Hurley, 2014; Martin, et al., 2014; Perna et al., 1999). In addition, Warriner and Lavallee (2008) stated that the athletic retirement process is specific to the individual; meaning every athlete has a different experience. 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